A Weil-bound free proof of Schur's conjecture

Let f be a polynomial with coefficients in the ring O of integers of a number field. Suppose that f induces a permutation on the residue fields O/p for infinitely many non-zero prime ideals p of O. Then Schur's conjecture, namely that f is a composition of linear and Dickson polynomials, has been proved by M. Fried. All the present versions of the proof use Weil's bound on the number of points of absolutely irreducible curves over finite fields in order to get a Galois theoretic translation and to finish the proof by means of finite group theory.
This note replaces the use of this deep result by elementary arguments.

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